IP is the abbreviation of ingress protection. It is an international marking system used by manufacturers to indicate that the product shell and the inside of the shell are protected. The source is the standard IEC60529 of the International Electrotechnical Commission. Different regions may have different protection standards: British Standard BS EN 60529:1992, European Standard 60509:1989 and internationally, they meet EN 60529 certification.
Common and familiar smart devices or machinery have a protection standard, and the protection standards are different for liquids and solids.
共同的保护标准通常以IP加两个数字的形式，例如：IP45。这两个数字的含义是不同的。一般而言，第一个数字是指固体保护水平，第二位表示围栏可抵抗有害水的保护水平。
Businesses usually describe how their products are dustproof or waterproof. But how to let consumers know, you need the help of IP rating.
IP rating is very important for manufacturers. To obtain the IP rating of the product, a formal and professional company certification is required. After the test, the certification company will provide a digital IP rating for the product based on the test result. This can provide consumers with a reference basis for product selection.
The first number after IP represents different solid protection requirements. The solid protection is mainly to prevent the intrusion of external particles.
The number 0 is no protection against solids. Expose the solid product directly to the air without any protective treatment.
1 is to block particles larger than 50 mm in diameter. Under this protection, it can effectively prevent large-area contact of the human body, but for small areas of tissue, such as palms and backs of hands, it cannot provide protection.
2 is to protect objects with a diameter greater than 12.5 mm. This can effectively organize any part of the human body.
3 means to block dust particles above 2.5 mm in diameter. This number indicates that an object the size of a screwdriver can be prevented from entering.
的保护the number 4 can block up to 1 mm of dust particles. Most wires, slender screws, and even some larger ants can be blocked from the outside.
5和6表明保护可以实现预防灰尘的影响。6的保护效果更好，可以完全切断灰尘。同时，6的保护效果将应用真空以实现完整的保护。5的保护可能不如6个障碍。但是数字5代表的坚固保护也可以防止空气中的大部分灰尘。也许其余的灰尘可能会通过人们无法注意到的差距进入盾牌，但是这些错误和遗漏不会对产品本身产生任何影响。
水和过度湿度是电子设备和机械正常运行的致命敌人。多雨的天气和正常的流水清洁会影响设备的内部组件，并可能发生短路故障。
IP之后的第二个数字表示不同的液体保护要求。液体保护是为了阻止液体的进入，以防止由于水分而导致的恶化现象。
0表示未采取预防措施。
1是为了防止滴落。预防标准是，当产品垂直安装在转盘上并以1rpm旋转时，垂直滴落的水滴不会影响产品。
2 indicates that the drops fall at an Angle of 15 degrees with the product, but it will not affect the use of the product.
3: Spray protection. Set the sprayed water column and the machine at an angle of 60 degrees, and observe the use of the product at this time.
4 is splashing. This number requires the liquid to be splashed on the product at any angle without affecting its use.
5能够承受低压水柱测试。当液体从6.3毫米喷嘴的水柱上从任何角度喷洒在设备外壳上时，它不会产生负面影响。
6 is able to withstand high-pressure water column tests. The pressurized water jet ejected from the 12.5 mm powerful nozzle can be sprayed onto the equipment from any angle without affecting the use of the equipment.
The number 7 indicates immersion to a depth of about 1 m. When the enclosure is immersed in a liquid with a depth of 1 m under the specified pressure and time conditions, this number represents protection from harmful amounts of liquid entering the equipment.
8 indicates immersion of 1m or more. The number 8 means the device should be able to immerse for at least 1 hour.
9K是高温和高压水柱测试。该设备可以在制造商指定的条件下在测试时间的2分钟内承受近距离的高温和高压水柱的影响。
对于特定保护也有其他可达到的评级：
D - 电线
F - 耐油
H - 高压
M - 在水测试期间移动
S - 在水测试期间静止不动
W – Weather resistant
Most electronic products such as smart phones and earphones have a protection level.
Take the smart devices we are familiar with, most smart devices can achieve IP68 protection level. This means that the electronic products under this protection level can be absolutely dustproof and excellent waterproof, and can be immersed in liquid for at least 1 hour.
电气插座的保护水平通常为IP54。在此级别的保护可以有效防止直径大于1毫米的电线意外进入。
在医疗领域，提高IP保护级别也是一个重要问题。清洁医疗设备要求设备可以承受灭菌过程，而不会影响设备的下一次使用。此类保护要求要求设备满足IP54，IP65或更高版本的保护要求。
However, it is worth noting that any equipment that is said to have a waterproof effect is actually not 100% resistant to water penetration. Waterproof refers to the protection of the surface of the article so that it is not easily penetrated by water. Therefore, even if the level of liquid protection is higher, attention should be paid to reducing contact with liquids.
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